When soil fertility is inadequate, and an essential plant nutrient is insufficiently available, plants exhibit characteristic growth and foliar symptoms that are indicative of a specific nutrient deficiency. These may include symptoms such as chlorosis (yellowing), necrosis (browning), stunting, or dieback. The first step in this process is to get a soil test. This resource is incredibly helpful in determining what may be deficient in the soil. Soil test results, when combined with observed symptoms, can more conclusively determine the nutrient deficiency.
Remember, Not All Problems are Due to Fertility
There are many factors that can cause problems with plants in the garden, including insect pests, disease, poor growing conditions, and weather. Because of this, when problems are observed, it is not automatically assumed to be nutrient deficiencies. But if you suspect low soil fertility, use this key to identify the likely deficient nutrient.
Plant Nutrient Deficiency Key
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Symptoms observed on older, lower leaves or on the entire plant
Symptoms observed on newer, younger leaves.
Additional Resources
- Soil Testing Resources for Home Gardeners
- How to Interpret Soil Test Results
- Managing Garden Soil
- How to Change Your Soil's pH
- Fertilizing in the Home Garden
- Lawn Fertilization
- How to Calculate Fertilizer Rates for Lawn and Garden
Key adapted from Montana State University Nutrient Management Modules and the Ohio Agriculture Experiment Station.
Photo credit: ELENA AdobeStock